I am of course still painting and messing about with history. I had planned on writing a book about the Battles of the Hook(1952/53) which certainly taught me that I was no writer (great in my head, lousy on the page), but the research was a great experience, and you never know, I might re-visit that subject along the way, which will be fun (?)
Much of what follows will involve me showing off the toy soldiers I have painted together with a fair amount of History. I have won various prizes round and about and I have plenty of favourable comments for my models, which is very nice. There are still painters out there who are better than me, but I feel I can hold my head up. I now specialise in vignettes representing command stands for gamers both in 15mm (principally AB Napoleonic’s) and in 28mm Medieval/17th C/and more bloody Napoleon’s! and individual Medieval figures which I really enjoy doing.
Do I take commissions? Well yes and no. I will not paint armies in any scale and I have to insist on choosing the figures I paint. I will not paint plastic or resin and I am quite slow. But if you do have a general in mind I am happy to talk. Prices are reasonable, but high.
I am happy to paint the following- Assault Group, Claymore, AB. I quite like Old Glory, but boy do they need a lot of work, Footsore are good. but everything else needs looking at. I am pretty good at basing.
I do rather insist that what I produce is Historically accurate and I pride myself on the accuracy of my research, I am a heraldry and vexillology enthusiast- because frankly there is a load of bollocks out there.
And now to begin…
A subject that has been ‘bubbling under’ for many, many years has been the Teutonic Knights
The Teutonic Knights
There is more bollocks than you might think written about the Teutonic Knights. Mostly this down to laziness by people who want your money. Here I will try to clarify some issues, possibly in a bit of a cack-handed way, for which I apologise, and hopefully without coming over all superior. I can only assure you that I have done a fair amount of research over the years and invested a lot of my remaining intellect into this subject. What I will not do though is give endless bibliographies and references- this is not school and to be perfectly honest, if I can find the information, then everyone can. I have a terrible feeling that essentially warmers and modellers like to be spoon fed, they see one ore two pictures and call that ‘research’, However no amount of enthusiastic modelling and lovely painting can cover the fundamental errors.
Let us start with a quiz…
Which of the following following photo’s from the web properly represents an accurate picture of a Teutonic Knight?






Obviously, I would not have put these pictures up If I was not about to pour scorn on them. And please believe me that I admire both the sculpting and the painting and I agree they do look rather cool. I have no idea what ranges they are from or who the sculptors are (I think perhaps the same sculptor may be responsible for all) The one thing they all have in common is that they are wrong!
No Teutonic Knight EVER(!!!) wore such an article as a helmet with a crest on it. In particular I am sorely disappointed with Northern Crusades Miniatures. They are beautifully done and full of character, but you would think that a group that specialises in the Baltic Crusades would have developed a superior level of honest research, which is sadly lacking.
There really is no evidence for it.
‘Oh come on Mr Atelier,’(I hear you shout!), ‘Mr Clever legs, how can you make such a claim, these are produced by reputable miniatures companies..’ Our answer lies in history and art
Upon joining the Order a knight had to agree to many strict rules one of which was lose any right to any family heraldry and fully adopt the heraldry of the order in addition to this he was forbidden to wear any article of clothing that was un-Godly, appealed to vanity or made him stand out in any way – arguably the principle purpose of a crested helmet.
None of the regulations regarding the heraldry of the order make mention of the crest. What ever his worldly status, he became a simple Knight of Christ. Generally a crest denoted a knight of some high status, and the brother has left all of that behind. If you check for yourself in various Wappenbuch you can find online you will find some knights with crests and most without. And in every example the colours and occasionally the shape of their crest refer directly to their personal arms.
The next picture is often cited as proof that the Brothers did wear crests and is quite wrong for a number of reasons. It can often be found in Osprey books for example, but I am dammned if I know the origin of the claim that the person depicted was a Teutonic Knight at all.

This picture from the Manesse Codex is of a bloke called Tannhauser. He is sort of a founding legend of Germany, certainly he is the exemplar of the best of German knighthood. (See Wikipedia for details.) Yes he wears a white cloak. No, he is NOT a Teutonic Knight. Article 11 of the Rule of the teutonic Knights does state ‘Brother knights shall wear white mantles as a sign of knighthood, but their other garments shall not differ from those of the other brethren. We decree that each brother (knight) wear a black cross on mantle, cappa and armour surcoats to show outwardly that he is a special member of this order’ The rule does not specify precisely where the cross should be place, but it has been generally accepted for several hundred years the it was over the left chest of the cloak.

This is a copy of the tomb of Luther von Braunschweig(Grand Master 1331=1335- we shall meet Luther again…) The Tomb was in Konigsberg Cathedral see below. Showing the cross, as it should be on the left shoulder of his cloak.
Obviously Tannhauser has it on his right. Also the cross is the wrong shape for the period. Given his historical and mythological status, don’t you think the Order would have leapt to claim him as one of their own? They do not.
Take a close look at his crest and arms, often taken as proof of the Knights wearing crests. They crest reflects the colours of his arms (in this case black and gold), since as a Brother Kight he cannot show these colours, he cannot be a Brother Knight. (exception warning! He is auite obviously depicted as being alive)
And now – Hey! I have caught myself out here don’t you think? Knightly arms, white with a black cross, and a splendid crest, proof that the Teutonic knight could and did bear a crest. Yes?
No! Take a close look and you will see that these are the arms of the Archbishop of Cologne (or Colon).

I cannot find much evidence for the Archbishop actually prancing around in this get up but if he did go to war, this is what he would wear. His claim to ‘Argent, a latin cross Sable’ predates the orders grant of arms by some years. Unfortunately the modern Order has posted pictures of murals from inside Cologne Cathedral on their website claiming them as their own so no-one is fool proof. This page is from The »Bellenville« armorial. One of the very best and clearest available The accompanying arms are of vassals of the Archbishop and therefore do not have crests. Essentially vassels couldn’t be “of” anywhere, their knighthood was dependent on thier lords grace The Order did have a convent in Cologne but had no connection with the cathedral.

Yes! These are Teutonic Knights and yes they are shown with crests, but you have to understand why. These are wall paintings from Juditten Kirche in the former Teutonic stronghold of Konigsberg (now Kaliningrad), they are destroyed. This Church, along with Konigsberg Cathedral, was a centre for the celebration for Knights killed in service, either brothers or Crusaders. As you can see they are definitely members of the order The heraldry on their chest confirms this, but the fact that they are shown with their own arms and crests tells us something. Either they are dead or that they are possibly Halb Bruder (I will talk about them later) One of them clearly bears the arms of Jungingen= the blue and white squares. And I really don’t know who he is supposed to represent. He could be Ulrich (killed 15 July 1410) or an unknown younger brother. The elder brother Konrad died in his bed and would never have been celebrated like this But coming back to my original point the crests reflect the personal arms and could not be displayed by a brother knight under normal circumstances. The present order has in its collection many examples of ‘joining’ plaques dating from the later fifteenth century and apparently recorded the arms of every brother with their crests, sort of as an ‘in memoria’ of the life they had left. What it does not show however is that Teutonic Knights could wear crests, these would have had to reflect the arms of the order.
Unfortunately Konigsberg Cathedral is of no help, There were a lot of paintings and stained glass and presumably written records about Crusaders in particular in situ. There were tombs of English. Scottish and French knights in the cathedral itself.
On the night of 29/30 August 1944, in an act of apparent revenge for the Teutonic Knights refusal to allow English Crusaders to display the Cross of St George, the RAF destroyed it. The Lancs did not spare the castle either, burning it to the ground, leaving it to Leonid Brezhnev to destroy it completely in 1968.
So I hope I have made the case for no crests. I have never seen any contemporary pictures of Brother Knights sporting crests – If any of you have and to render my years of passionate research to ridicule, I would be grateful if you can show me.
I said that there were exceptions. Two members of the order were permitted to wear crests. The Hochmeister who was a prince of the Empire and the Oberst Marschall who was the Grandmaster’s principal representative on the battle field. Some contemporary pictures will illustrate.

This is often described as the parade shield of the Grand Master (Karl von Trier?) around 1320 . It could equally be his funery shield. The inscription states “Shield with the helmet of the Master of the Order of the Teutonic Brothers.” It seems odd that the actual inscription tells us that this is a pictures of his helmet.
We will come back to Karls shield later as it does give Mr Atelier a problem that he has difficulty talking his way out of (but not about Crests)

Now this is a real treat. This is one of the illuminated pages of The Apocalypse of Heinrich von Hesler This was composed in the 13th century (Often now called the Torun Apocalypse as it is held by the Nicolas Copernicus University Library in Torun, Poland). Its exact period of origin remains unclear to this day. The heady work is a German translation of the Book of Revelation, the last book of the New Testament. The text of the manuscript is in rhymed prose (a surprising number of documents were) and its stunning illumination, richly embellished with gold, makes this Apocalypse manuscript one of the most interesting works of medieval German literature. It was gifted to or commissioned by the order presumably to be read at meal times.
The picture above shows the Grandmaster in the final battle of the Apocalypse, note his crest. I have no idea who the fellow in front of of him is with the red horse caparison and fancy helm crest, but he is certainly not of the order.
Two seals follow both of the Oberst Marschal (Grand Marshal) one from 1344 and the other from 1416. No Brother could display on his seal any mark that he was not permitted display by his right as an officer of the order


Also of interest is the lack of a horse caparison.
The final picture is literally the only picture of a brother knight wearing anything on his helmet.

Two little pennants or banderoles.
It is a picture of a monochrome painting at Bunge Kyrka (church) on the northern end of the island of Gotland, The island was conquered in 1398 and occupied until 1407 by the Teutonic Knights. The Bungye Kyrka is said to have been refurbished at this time and has a good number of colourful wall paintings, in particular the Martyrdom of the Theban legion. As with all medieval paintings they were done in a contemporary style so it is logical that the soldiers of the Orderdenstaat were used as models- certainly the ‘good guys’ sport white and black heraldry. As I understand it this little fella is long gone however.
And finally… The Albert von Prankh Great Helm in the Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna.
Someone has decided that the dead bloke who owned this was a Teutonic knight. There is absolutely no evidence for this at all.

This is his funery helmet and it commemorated his life at the monastery of Augustinian Friars at Seckau in Styria, before being gifted to the Imperial collections.
So there you have it, all there is on Teutonic Knights and helmet crests. I am very happy to entertain any evidence that anyone can supply to prove me wrong- its all about learning is’t it.
If your blood pressure can stand it the next part is all about heraldry, shields and flags
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Once again technology has the better of me the photographs really are crap and really they are quite bright and breezy. They have turned out very nice. I think it is the combination of green and grey and then that pink that the French were so fond of.

































